The Single Service Window for Taiwan Geothermal Power

Geothermal Resource in Taiwan

Geologic and Geothermal Background

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Geothermal Systems

Type of thermal systems

• VOLCANIC SYSTEMS
  • pH Value: 1.0 - 5.0
  • SO4=,Cl-
  • Reservoir Temperature : 180-280ºC
  • Representative site: Datun
• NON-VOLCANIC SYSTEMS
  • pH Value: 7.0 – 9.0
  • NaHCO3
  • Reservoir Temperature : 120-230ºC
  • Representative site: Chingshui

Potential Geothermal Regions

Potential Areas for EGS Development

History of Geothermal Development (1966 -1994)

Geothermal Development (1966-1994)

Time Period	Location	Activities
1966-1972	Datun volcanic region	Exploration Multi-purposed application
1972-1993	Chingshui region	Exploration Production well drilling 3MW Power plant
1973-1975	Hot spring areas around the Island	Field reconnaissance Power generation estimate
1980-1984	Mainly Tuchang, Lusan, Zhiben, and Jinlun areas	Limited exploration Power generation assessment
1985-1994	Tuchang region	Exploration Production well drilling 280 kW Binary generation system

Geothermal Development in Datun Region

• Investigation/exploration between 1966 and 1972.
• 200 km2 of covered area.
• Drilled 82 wells with a total length of 21,188 m.
• Bottomed hole temperature up to 293oC, power generation capacity of 100~500 MW (assessed by the Motor Columbus Consulting Firm, Switzerland).
• Hot water of low pH and high gas content of H2S posed problems to power generation.
• Steam was used for wood drying, greenhouse farming, and animal breeding and cultivation.

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Exploration Wells in Datun Geothermal Area

Well	depth (m)	T_max	Q (tph)	h (kJ/kg)	Yr
E-101	519	198	4.4	1112	1967
E-102	629	175	7.4	648	1967
E-103	1000	172	35.6	690	1968
E-201	572	236	3.3	2161	1968
E-202	441	169	2.7	2245	1968
E-203	1005	240	1.8	1881	1968
E-204	577	208	nd	nd	1969
E-205	1500	240	26.4	1275	1969
E-206	301	78	nd	nd	1969
E-207	768	143	nd	nd	1969
E-208	1510	293	32.9	1760	1970
E-209	500	180	3.8	2404	1976
E-210	600	156	nd	nd	1970
E-211	361	162	nd	nd	1970
E-212	665	258	3.4	2136	1971
E-213	603	123	nd	nd	1971
E-214	502	172	nd	nd	1972

Geothermal Development in Chingshui Area

• Investigation and exploration between 1972 and 1975.
• 100 km2 of covered area.
• Drilled 20 wells with a total length of 8,540 m.
• A 1.5 MWe turbine generator was installed in 1977 by NSC for trial of generating electricity.
• A 3 MW single flash power plant was constructed in April, 1981, and then transferred to TPC for operation in September.
• The power plant was decommissioned in November 1993 due to continuous depletion in well production.

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Geothermal Development in Tuchang Area

• Exploration and production drilling between 1985 and 1994.
• A 280 kW binary cycle of power generation installed.
• CO2 was recovered as by-product.
• Served as demonstration of a multi-purposed geothermal application.

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Chingshui Geothermal Development Area

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• July 1981 - 3 MWe Power Plant (single-flash) commenced by TaiPower
• Nov. 1993 - decommissioned due to decline in well output

Possible reasons of failure:

• Inappropriate generation system
• Production decline due to scaling
• No reservoir recharge

Recent Work of BOE and ITRI(2006 – 2019)

Potential Assessment of Chingshui in 2008

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2008 Year

Estimated Potential	Parameters adopted	Assessor/Methodology
3-9MWe mean=5.7MWe plant life: 30yrs	90% confidence interval Volume：0.26/1.5/4.32km3 Temp：160/180/200℃	ITRI； Stored Heat Method with Monte Carlo Simulation
9-52MWe mean=25MWe plant life: 30yrs	90% confidence interval Volume：0.27/1.12/6km3 Temp：170/200/250℃	Foreign Consultant 1； (Method same as above)
4-17MWe mean=9.6MWe plant life: 25yrs	90% confidence interval Volume：1.5/4/6.25km3 Temp：190/225/250℃	Foreign Consultant 2； (Method same as above)

Updating Conceptual Model of Chingshui

Work-over and New Well Installation

2005~ Now (BOE + ITRI)

• Old well work-over: IC-9、IC-13、IC- 19
• New well installation: IC-20、IC-21
• R&D on well logging, production testing, scaling inhibition, reservoir re-injection, and ORC testing.
• BOT+ROT documents had been announced by Yilan County Government at 2017.7.14.

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  IC-9:2008 (2079m; 203 ℃)
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  IC-13:2009 (2020m; 217℃)
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  IC-19:2007 (1227m; 193℃)
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  IC-20:2006 (503m; 180 ℃)
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Demonstration ORC system in Chingshui

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  ITRI’s ORC
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  Flat Plate HE
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  DHE
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  Production Well

300kW geothermal power plant in Chingshui

With the help of the BOE, Jieyuan Company built a 300kW geothermal power plant in the Chingshui Geothermal Park, which was officially put into commercial operation at the end of November 2018.

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  300 kW ORC power generator
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  Chingshui Geothermal Park

Datun Volcano geothermal re-exploration

• Historical study analysis
• Geology structure identification
• Airborne geophysics
• 3D MT survey
• Gas chemistry
• Initial conceptual model

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  Fumarole gas chemistry
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  Airborne magnetics
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  3D resistivity model

TVG initial conceptual model

• Elevated temperature (>250°C) has been encountered in wells at depths between 1000 and 2000m
• Extensive area of thermal activity
• Significant issues with acidic fluid chemistry
• Presence of multiple eruptive centers creates possibility of multiple shallow intrusions, creating complex thermal structure with smaller upflow zones

SHP- geothermal potential site exploration

• Low resistivity that represents possible clay cap
• Less sulfur concentration in SHP area
• Calcite vein found at deeper part near SHP
• Outside the national park
• Between two fumarole areas
• 1300 m exploration well is now drilling

Integrated database analysis system

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  Temperature vs. Depth at SHP area
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  Location of SHP area
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  Fluid inclusion analysis

Anti-corrosion technology

• An anti-corrosion coating material has been developed and applied to field over 4000 hrs
• A Ni-Cr plating technology is developed in Lab, though further tests in high acid and high temperature environment are still required.

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  Anti-corrosion coating field test result
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  Tafel plot for Ni-Cr alloy